1. ABB电源开关
1、万能断路器电动合闸顺序 先按储能按钮,储能到位后,按下合闸按钮。如果没有储能的,则直接按下合闸。
2、手动合闸顺序 用万能断路器上的专用操作手柄,对万能断路器上下进行手动储能到位,到位后按下断路器上的合闸按钮。 分闸则直接按分闸按钮: (1)固定式的,就和普通接触器分合闸一样,一般是按钮控制,合闸按钮送电,分闸按钮断电。 (2)抽出式的,断电是按分闸按钮分闸,然后用摇把将断路器摇至分离位置,送电时先将断路器摇至接通位置,再按合闸按钮合闸。
2. ABB电源开关价格
ABB漏电开关作为进口品牌,档次确实高点,相比国产的漏电开关贵了一大截啊。
至于ABB漏电开关贵的理由,大白话说几点:灭弧性能好,性能稳定,同样情况下打火花的情况比较少。做工比较好,摸上去质感更好,同等工况下使用寿命略长。
3. ABB电源开关报警
ABB断路器型号根据国家技术标准的规定,分7大类,对应型号字母和数字含有如下:S—少油断路器;D—多油断路器;K—空气断路器;L—六氟化硫断路器;Z—真空断路器;Q—产气断路器;C—磁吹断路器。
对应型号的字母代表的意思:W 是指万能式断路器, M 是指塑壳式断路器, B 是指小型断路器及民用断路器, K 是指隔离开关, Q 是指双电源自动切换开关, P 是指电涌保护器。装置地点代号;N—户内,W—户外;设计系列顺序号;以数字1、2、3……表示。
ABB断路器可为快速恢复运行条件(防止故障发生), 并提供最好的解决方案,同时可提供最优的电气安装保护。从微型断路器到高分断能力的塑壳 / 空气断路器。
4. ABB电源开关跳闸
abb变频器故障灯常亮是过载没排除或者变频器故障信号没复位
abb变频器故障代码
1 OVERCURRENT输出电流过大。检查并纠正·电机负载过大。
加速时间不足(参数2202 ACCELER TIME 1和2205 ACCELER TIME 2)。
电机,电机电缆或连接有故障
2 DC OVERVOLT中间电路直流电压过高。检查并纠正
输入电源中的静态或瞬态过电压。
减速时间不足(参数2203 DECELER TIME 1和2206 DECELER TIME 2)
尺寸过小的制动斩波器(如果有)。
确认过压控制器已打开(使用参数2005)
3 DEV OVERTEMP驱动器散热器过热。温度达到或超过极限。
检查并纠正:·风扇故障。
气流中的障碍物。
散热片上有污垢或灰尘。·环境温度过高。·电机负载过大。
4 SHORT CIRC故障电流。检查并纠正·电机电缆或电机短路。供应干扰。
5保留未使用。
6 DC UNDERVOLT中间电路直流电压不足。检查并纠正:·输入电源缺相。
跳闸。
主电源欠压。
5. ABB电源开关CP-E24/10的应用案例
毛笔字是指按传统法度书写的字,而不是用毛笔随意写出的字。书法是线条造型艺术。所谓毛笔笔法讲的就是怎样创造理想线条的用笔方法。
毛笔字入门教程
执笔
“把笔无定法,要使虚而宽。”五指执笔法:即以拇指和食指的指肚捏住笔杆(适当高度),保证笔杆不脱落;中指在食指下面搭在笔的外侧,既加强食指捏笔的力量,又发挥把笔往里钩的作用;无名指的甲肉之际抵在笔杆内侧,起着把笔往外推的作用;小指附在无名指的指肚下部,辅助无名指把笔往外推。
1、将手掌摊开后大拇指向上,然后让无名指和小指轻轻的向内弯曲,手指弯曲时要让手掌保持平稳。
2、将毛笔放在中指和无名指之间,然后中指和食指自然贴合毛笔,握笔的高度要距离笔根3-4cm。
3、将大拇指放在中指和食指之间,大拇指方向朝上方放置,小指要紧挨无名指,握笔时手心要留余地,初学者最开始握毛笔可能会有所不舒服,稍加练习就会适应了。
握笔时要如古人所说:“令掌虚如握卵”,这样便于运笔。学书要经常练习握笔、钩回、推出和旋转笔杆(加上腕的作用)练习画直线和弧线。执笔的高低和是否悬腕、悬肘,由所书字的大小来决定,小字低执,枕腕;大字高执,悬腕;再大则需悬肘。
磨墨
1、以清水逐渐加入
研墨需加清水,若水中混有杂质,则磨出来的墨就不纯了。至于加水,最先不宜过多,以免将墨浸软,或墨汁四溅,以逐渐加入为宜。
2、力匀而急缓适中
磨墨时用力过轻过重,太急太缓,墨汁皆必粗而不匀。用力过轻,速度太缓,浪费时间且墨浮;用力过重,速度过急,则墨粗而生沬,色亦无光。正确的方法应该是「指按推用力」,轻重有节,切莫太急。
3、随磨随用
用墨必需新磨,因墨汁若放置一日以上,胶与煤逐渐脱离,墨光既乏光彩,又不能持久,故以宿墨作书,极易褪色。而市面上所售的现成墨汁,有些胶重滞笔,有些则浓度太低,落纸极易化开,防腐剂又多,易损笔锋,不宜采用。
纸张
练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹,可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等,最好是用宣纸。
用宣纸题字作画,墨韵清晰,层次分明,骨气兼蓄,气势溢秀,浓而不浑,淡而不灰,其字其画,跃然纸上,神采飞扬,飞目生辉。
宣纸分为生宣、半熟宣、熟宣。生宣吸水性和沁水性都强,易产生丰富的墨韵变化,以之行泼墨法、积墨法,能收水晕墨、达到水走墨流之艺术效果。写意山水多用它。熟宣是加工时用明矾等涂过,故纸质较生宣为硬,吸水能力弱,使得使用时墨和色不会洇散开来。因此特性,使得熟宣宜于绘工笔画而非水墨写意画。半熟宣也是从生宣加工而成,吸水能力界乎前两者之间,适合写小楷。
笔法
毛笔书法是线条造型艺术。所谓笔法主要的就是怎样创造理想线条(点画)的用笔方法。中国书法主要都以线条表现,要使书法的线条点画富有变化,必先讲究执笔,在运笔时掌握轻重、快慢、偏正、曲直等方法,称为“笔法”。
提按
笔按下去写,笔划就粗,提起来就细。就像人走路的两只脚,一只落下,一只提起,不停地交替一样,笔在写字的过程中也在不停地提按。惟其如此,才能产生出粗细绝不相同的线条来。
笔画
每写一个笔画,都有入笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。入笔有“露锋”法,顺笔而入,使笔画开端呈尖形或方形;有“藏锋法”,逆锋入笔,横画欲右先左,竖画欲下先上,使笔锋藏在笔画中,笔画开端基本呈圆形。
行笔要学会“中锋用笔”,使锋尖常在点划中间运行。为使笔画有力度,还要学会涩势用笔,行中留,留中行,避免浮华。收笔有“露锋”(把笔逐渐提出纸面,画呈尖形,如悬针竖、撇、捺、钩),有“藏锋”(将笔尖收回画中,如垂露竖,笔画尾端呈圆形)。
结字
结字又叫结体或间架结构。启功先生曾指出,写毛笔字一要把握间架结构,二要练好笔画特点。间架结构比点画特点重要。间架好的字,笔画特点不突出,也还顺眼;反过来就不行了。因此,认真研究并把握好字的结体规律十分重要。所谓“初学分布,但求平正”。
入手
学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖,全凭自己想法随意写,是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力,要持之以恒,戒骄戒躁,不能一曝十寒。常说:“只要工夫深,铁杵磨成针”。
毛笔楷书入门教程
常言道,“学书先学楷,功到自然成”。通过楷书入门扎实基础,才能在学习行书时走起来,学习草书时跑起来而不飘忽。当然这是一个很漫长的过程,任何东西的学习都是由慢到快、由简到繁的过程。
孙过庭在《书谱》中说,“初学分布,当求平正,既只平正,务追险绝,既能险绝,复归平正。” 学习书法,就是学习书法中动静关系。可以说,选择楷书作为书法入,是实用和艺术并重的最佳选择。
毛笔的选择
写毛笔字也是一门艺术,毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔,这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的,毛尖不一样,手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的,选择合适的即可。
一支好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。
尖:笔毫聚合时,笔锋要能收尖。
齐:将笔头沾水捏扁,笔端的毛整齐无不齐现象。
圆:笔肚周围,笔毫饱满圆润,呈圆锥状,不扁不瘦。
健:笔毛有弹性,笔毛铺开后易于收拢,笔力要健。
毛笔的种类很多,在初次学习时,希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔,笔芯硬,易于掌握,对你以后的学习很重要。
毛笔的种类
①硬毫笔:笔性刚健,毛弹性较大,常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。
1、兔毫笔历史悠久,在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片,把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊(又称箭毫)和尾巴上的毫毛制成,质软而毫健。花白比较挺利,不如紫毫柔软。
2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼,而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔,弹性比兔毫笔稍软,比羊毫笔硬,只是质较脆,不耐摩擦。
3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成,所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。
其他硬毫笔,如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等,笔性特别坚硬,一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律,不易选用。
②软毫笔:笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小,较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。
1、羊毫笔:羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成,其性能软于紫毫笔,由于羊毫较细、较长,适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。
2、鸡毫笔:鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成,其性能软于羊毫。
3、胎毫笔:胎毫是初生婴儿的头发,其性能极柔软。南朝萧子云就使用过胎毫笔,可见其历史之悠久。
③兼毫笔:笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起,刚柔并济。
“兼毫”,顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫,笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔,以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃,以加强其弹性。
在选择笔锋时,我们应该选择适当的长短,因为笔锋太长不易于掌握,但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水,适合写”草书“一气呵成”,笔锋长可以保证墨的够用,反之,笔锋短适合写楷书,易于掌握。 选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔,又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔,直接看他的字迹是最好的方法:风格健劲的,选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的,选用柔毫;刚柔难分的,则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法,如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。 还有一点是字体大小方面,写大字用大笔,写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如,大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。
楷体的选择
初学者可以选择欧体来进行练习,欧体可临摹书法名帖有《九成宫醴泉铭》、《化度寺碑》等各类贴,以及众多书法集字贴。供各位喜爱毛笔书法的朋友参考。
1、柳体。
柳体为唐楷中非常重要的一支,柳公权用其一生的心血,博采众长,广泛学习,吸取百家之长,形成别具一格的柳体字。结构紧凑,书法挺拔,正气凌然。对于初学者而言,选择从柳体入手,对运笔、审美、技法的提升,都非常明显。
2、颜体。
颜体与柳体同属于唐楷,为唐朝大书法家颜真卿书法真迹。颜体相比于柳体,显得饱满圆润,柳体则更加注重字体的骨感和力度。追求潇洒利索,可选择柳体;追求圆润丰满,则可选择颜体。
3、欧体。
欧阳询也是唐朝著名楷书大家,他所写书法字体,称为欧体。唐楷在中国书法文化史上的地位,几乎无可撼动。欧体体方圆兼施,以方为主,点画劲挺,笔力凝聚,也是楷书初学者不错的选择。
楷书基本笔画
一、点
头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。 写法:1、锋尖落纸(可先将笔舔尖,轻轻落笔)。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开,笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部,将笔锋稍提起,再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。
点的写法要求:顾盼生姿、向背分明。
二、横
头方(斜)尾圆,中段略细。 写法:1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直(或稍斜)落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋,沿着笔画中线向右运行,中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起,再向右下放下,像写点那样,兜围扭动一下,然后迅速有力地向左收锋。
注意:不能使劲顿笔,中段与两头也不能一样粗细,显得僵直。
三、竖
竖,起支柱作用,要求写得劲挺有力,像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。 垂露竖:写法:1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横(或稍斜)落笔,笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下,调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部,略提锋,从左向上收锋。
悬针竖:写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点:像一枚针,写得粗壮,出锋不宜太长太细。
四、撇
尾部略肥和上扬,姿态舒展。 写法:1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋,让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部,快而有力地出锋,使力送到撇尖。
短撇的写法:如“斤”“生”落笔后,稍作扭动,调整笔锋,快速撇出。
注意:忌“中途拔出”和“头重尾飘”,以女同志梳头的速度和力度书写撇较适宜。
汉字的笔画大多是向右向下的,右手写这些笔画都较顺手,唯独撇是向左伸展的,写起来较别扭。这是写字的重点。
五、捺
一波三折的姿态。一折:从头到颈部。二折:颈到捺脚。三折:捺脚到锋尖。一波:整笔有起有伏。像波浪。 写法:1、逆锋而起。2、轻轻向下落笔。3、略向左上起笔,至颈部,锋稍提使颈部略细。4、向右下渐渐将笔毫铺开,至捺脚处。5、轻向左推,调整笔锋,沉着痛快地扬出锋。
注意:1、捺画出线要直。2、捺脚要有力。3、笔不能向下拖。 捺和撇往往同时存在,连在一起练习为好,如“大”“来”。
六、钩
钩是其他笔画的附着物。 “竖左钩”做到平、锐、满。即竖要平,锋要锐,钩要饱满。 写好一竖将要钩出时,先将笔锋往上提,使笔毫收聚,放下,然后用力向左平推出来。
七、挑
像反向的短撇。 写法:1、逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、稍作扭动,调整笔锋。4、快而有力地向右上方挑出,送到笔画的尖端。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔字是指按传统法度书写的字,而不是用毛笔随意写出的字。书法是线条造型艺术。所谓毛笔笔法讲的就是怎样创造理想线条的用笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JUzO3AWAgv56aIawtVgJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔字入门教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn742QIVCSEbgG8n3mRErbBg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXWe7LkWsoEfDn7OMApvqGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“把笔无定法,要使虚而宽。”五指执笔法:即以拇指和食指的指肚捏住笔杆(适当高度),保证笔杆不脱落;中指在食指下面搭在笔的外侧,既加强食指捏笔的力量,又发挥把笔往里钩的作用;无名指的甲肉之际抵在笔杆内侧,起着把笔往外推的作用;小指附在无名指的指肚下部,辅助无名指把笔往外推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakuNCQCVgBdROnRgpkahYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、将手掌摊开后大拇指向上,然后让无名指和小指轻轻的向内弯曲,手指弯曲时要让手掌保持平稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ybI9NrxGI6W7eIKmMQCJh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/befa545e35f144cb8b81db37dd26cc42","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnUZXxxPzMOlb5HPqjcJXmpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将毛笔放在中指和无名指之间,然后中指和食指自然贴合毛笔,握笔的高度要距离笔根3-4cm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKtzfwu29KBun4gRV5mPpD"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/86b09b77f1fa45a38f3e3973d947208d","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnusm1ukRhLCPTkvGqaF0ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、将大拇指放在中指和食指之间,大拇指方向朝上方放置,小指要紧挨无名指,握笔时手心要留余地,初学者最开始握毛笔可能会有所不舒服,稍加练习就会适应了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVzsmeYmb5AKk6mNF5nQ2fb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0877820102d74f1cb053caa78fe75331","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnVPyKkEeKoeq3DjaNjb1mHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔时要如古人所说:“令掌虚如握卵”,这样便于运笔。学书要经常练习握笔、钩回、推出和旋转笔杆(加上腕的作用)练习画直线和弧线。执笔的高低和是否悬腕、悬肘,由所书字的大小来决定,小字低执,枕腕;大字高执,悬腕;再大则需悬肘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOoKidkInVXKaWXHu93Zwc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b050f8bb6e864f23a49ec87220c6ad2f","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnrgoCqwg2jilOJF66wiCrrG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"磨墨","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhyawZFdshTaLao86nvFFBd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、以清水逐渐加入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTWMSaRL170H2FtfKBcyE8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"研墨需加清水,若水中混有杂质,则磨出来的墨就不纯了。至于加水,最先不宜过多,以免将墨浸软,或墨汁四溅,以逐渐加入为宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGujsTS5MnXDQKcQ0fwwqkT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、以清水逐渐加入","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50151b758b344f5293f9246eaf1f840d","width":580},"text":"","id":"doxcnbaIoq7GB0puhZkBq0dCK4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、力匀而急缓适中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnX8H4Ak8lhr11fnR7NVZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"磨墨时用力过轻过重,太急太缓,墨汁皆必粗而不匀。用力过轻,速度太缓,浪费时间且墨浮;用力过重,速度过急,则墨粗而生沬,色亦无光。正确的方法应该是「指按推用力」,轻重有节,切莫太急。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnH0VugBpmnsjCzBOukdQ2jd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":225,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、力匀而急缓适中","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f32fc836e7649d9a7e7b5bea2bda527","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcns67Dcx686BOupv1g0JgSSe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、随磨随用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWYZkUNXUgGC6vbo1oEpFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用墨必需新磨,因墨汁若放置一日以上,胶与煤逐渐脱离,墨光既乏光彩,又不能持久,故以宿墨作书,极易褪色。而市面上所售的现成墨汁,有些胶重滞笔,有些则浓度太低,落纸极易化开,防腐剂又多,易损笔锋,不宜采用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn56wiDP9W0JAmi8HYrDgwxc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、随磨随用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b7a7fa807724707b720d973bd90bd88","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn0O5vY37O7iuuZ8fiGkON4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneahoKiaHwYTgNX0Fdsumah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹,可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等,最好是用宣纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJoqJjYE6EGXClvhdEkIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用宣纸题字作画,墨韵清晰,层次分明,骨气兼蓄,气势溢秀,浓而不浑,淡而不灰,其字其画,跃然纸上,神采飞扬,飞目生辉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOiIoGtNOhMYzRKSRejX6d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":267,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2131e7b8ff8549f4a90f9983e55e46f3","width":467},"text":"","id":"doxcnyvr67I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学习书法,就是学习书法中动静关系。可以说,选择楷书作为书法入,是实用和艺术并重的最佳选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZxnOT4DqBLdfkKpL8hiJ4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgXcqx83yrmnLxTSyDj1Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"写毛笔字也是一门艺术,毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔,这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的,毛尖不一样,手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的,选择合适的即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPI473izeNmpriSGRmsOWxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2781582d729408ea9c497bd1c7494e8","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn9Q7yi2Zi1VXsTQ8lu8IZi0"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"支","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYISCtlEA9XSmUEuEV9uKee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尖:笔毫聚合时,笔锋要能收尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfALC3qlBKwZ9HonalPUAfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"齐:将笔头沾水捏扁,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔端","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的毛整齐无不齐现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4u8iUPlQdFF8yjiqayFzJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆:笔肚周围,笔毫饱满圆润,呈圆锥状,不扁不瘦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxuqguujexwoiOIB360S3Vf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"健:笔毛有弹性,笔毛铺开后易于收拢,笔力要健。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ZO1bjOF58087NHUt1UWxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类很多,在初次学习时,希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔,笔芯硬,易于掌握,对你以后的学习很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn95rGSeE17KLrOPaw8KdQof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPR4G6OwmGp1uTcBMH22Oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①硬毫笔:笔性刚健,毛弹性较大,常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5smnNMDKbuWYp9wYTWIPCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、兔毫笔历史悠久,在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片,把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊(又称箭毫)和尾巴上的毫毛制成,质软而毫健。花白比较挺利,不如紫毫柔软。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnzROTpX0kgTcMH6mNzuzOf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":458,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11c63bc3b3154df08d99a1188b5780d2","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcnqryAL7ezrjuruBxiavdQvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼,而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔,弹性比兔毫笔稍软,比羊毫笔硬,只是质较脆,不耐摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOgqPfoxvu8WjaWsqPbDWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f09ee2547d284ee4846304b273948b0f","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn1g3sVJVyT72OMmZxHsxOLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成,所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkTZQofo3EXeOV25bAtFYQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/baae379a883f4faf8e89f1e34f7c7840","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn9aooHGTXUvUZ4qyg6pr2Bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他硬毫笔,如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等,笔性特别坚硬,一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律,不易选用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneVbzPG9W3iBqK5hl4Xd3We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②软毫笔:笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小,较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndNc7MJ8gn4AnYt9Xu3JlrT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、羊毫笔:羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成,其性能软于紫毫笔,由于羊毫较细、较长,适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWLP9wBkUdjjQhtTslG1zc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1758fef3e9584b42994f1196ffe4e1f7","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn74WVZGp5fvHFMLvGF4uB6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、鸡毫笔:鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成,其性能软于羊毫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncnrbCAXbVmERodmjCgIFzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac25accc98794756a7a123fb0d454cb9","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcndJ4GXM92Xb7LvNdvxj5q5t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、胎毫笔:胎毫是初生婴儿的头发,其性能极柔软。南朝","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萧子云","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就使用过胎毫笔,可见其历史之悠久。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKn44Uo3XGTN4DWYTe2EZ9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d3ff2cf2ccd4832af63a3b79d414c79","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcncw7bXSJk6VPixt7CaW9Xkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③兼毫笔:笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起,刚柔并济。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn78rdo5PU1egndjc5rTk7td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“兼毫”,顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫,笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔,以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃,以加强其弹性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjYZmUCiA7hMuvSMIBYkbBg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f40adef05a942dc94a06cc86da6fe73","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnUVtvBgBxiJnjhSELGFlyIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在选择笔锋时,我们应该选择适当的长短,因为笔锋太长不易于掌握,但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水,适合写”草书“一气呵成”,笔锋长可以保证墨的够用,反之,笔锋短适合写楷书,易于掌握。\\n选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔,又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔,直接看他的字迹是最好的方法:风格健劲的,选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的,选用柔毫;刚柔难分的,则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法,如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"还有一点是字体大小方面,写大字用大笔,写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如,大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。","id":""}],"text":"","id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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVg5oJvuWFhXpTHRHo1qPFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"柳体为唐楷中非常重要的一支,柳公权用其一生的心血,博采众长,广泛学习,吸取百家之长,形成别具一格的柳体字。结构紧凑,书法挺拔,正气凌然。对于初学者而言,选择从柳体入手,对运笔、审美、技法的提升,都非常明显。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8JXKeHmiJyjT1m61eqtT6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":254,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f567bfedd644e82af8686d2599c93a5","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcn7nI9Kn1mEeG718zT7RgzEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、颜体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kBcm34jawb2nQ9OxfxLpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"颜体与柳体同属于唐楷,为唐朝大书法家颜真卿书法真迹。颜体相比于柳体,显得饱满圆润,柳体则更加注重字体的骨感和力度。追求潇洒利索,可选择柳体;追求圆润丰满,则可选择颜体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7RaMba2tlJFM29xAUyLv7d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":467,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45b3406663af41c8b05934e7794f9128","width":749},"text":"","id":"doxcnjeDMerBlAdn1PES9qJIMdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、欧体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxta6D42eL7HCaVD8zxaW0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欧阳询也是唐朝著名楷书大家,他所写书法字体,称为欧体。唐楷在中国书法文化史上的地位,几乎无可撼动。欧体体方圆兼施,以方为主,点画劲挺,笔力凝聚,也是楷书初学者不错的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oP7NpNMwdJ9CoPfLlQmTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9ea09b45c17d45369272cadb7e64a734","width":554},"text":"","id":"doxcnWqDdkRJPLXNG4OFmc3zyph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书基本笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn33HXdEJ6ZwSvYhU2ed91e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBUWbCYy0GaK7KnX6t7rlDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法:1、锋尖落纸(可先将笔舔尖,轻轻落笔)。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开,笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部,将笔锋稍提起,再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncngnlJxsFa2o03hbqp6rOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c902311756c34b349073a0518a66fee1","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnONP8m2Vq8Oh0sUfpkQaVab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点的写法要求:顾盼生姿、向背分明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTZJlWqvko3MEXoBE3KPkJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqPo1vbMltDwPhAlqoZf7n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头方(斜)尾圆,中段略细。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法:1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直(或稍斜)落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋,沿着笔画中线向右运行,中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起,再向右下放下,像写点那样,兜围扭动一下,然后迅速有力地向左收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeX1IJDUjzARH4q1fk7kPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:不能使劲顿笔,中段与两头也不能一样粗细,显得僵直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnslEMzb5aqUFWQytHVswu9d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/704fbe7db0424ea6bbcce59ed1862719","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnVuuqvBj11AZEqwpbRgZ3Sh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbVtybQAAD1LEMqJgAD5ild"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖,起支柱作用,要求写得劲挺有力,像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"垂露竖:写法:1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横(或稍斜)落笔,笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下,调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部,略提锋,从左向上收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnxTVSqxNPeJnzB99H1tHKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ffade7b1612421dbad78118b896b2eb","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcnnlerDTqHN8QUhHIDa6eRxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悬针竖:写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点:像一枚针,写得粗壮,出锋不宜太长太细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn45irM2eVwPgck1XwoWinvf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef4f650e6f344ec0a509c16c4d5ffb34","width":522},"text":"","id":"doxcn1WneovME0GFq0dJjdl6xSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0MjEcs75jqPVfMTsl0j6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尾部略肥和上扬,姿态舒展。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法:1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋,让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部,快而有力地出锋,使力送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKHLBeQHqoW5lFSymF3guPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c34f50847845490091494e17d2c30cb3","width":998},"text":"","id":"doxcnzBoySvGBNlnLhss24ggyIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇的写法:如“斤”“生”落笔后,稍作扭动,调整笔锋,快速撇出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"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